General Topics

Integrated Oil and Gas Company

An integrated oil and gas company is a large organization that is involved in every stage of the oil and gas production process. This means that they have the capability

Oil and Gas Upstream Operations

Oil and gas upstream operations are a crucial component of the global energy industry, responsible for extracting and producing the fossil fuels that power much of the world’s economies. The

Le Chatelier’s Principle Explanation and Applications

Le Chatelier’s Principle, named after French chemist Henri Louis Le Chatelier, states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions (such as temperature, pressure, concentration,

Olefins in Petroleum Refinery

Olefins, also called alkenes or alkynes are compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon that contains one or more pairs of carbon atoms linked by double or triple bonds. Olefins do

Water Gas Shift Reaction Applications

The water-gas shift reaction, also known as the carbon monoxide-water shift reaction, is a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and water react to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Water

Properties of Aromatics Hydrocarbons

Aromatics compounds are a class of organic groups that are characterized by a specific type of ring structure known as an aromatic ring or an arene. The most well-known and

Hydrogen Purification Processes in Petroleum Refinery

Owing to the implementation of strong environmental regulations, utilization of heavy crudes and upgrading the bottom of the barrel, the requirement for hydrotreatment in petroleum refineries is increasing day by

Crude Oil Refinery Supply Chain

The supply chain of crude oil from extraction to refining is a complex process involving multiple steps and stakeholders. It is important to note that the supply chain of crude

Petroleum Coke Types, Uses and Specifications

Petroleum coke, also known as petcoke is a byproduct of the refining process of crude oil. It is a carbon-rich solid material that is used for various industrial and commercial