Health, Safety, and Environment

A Step-by-Step Guide to Conducting a LOPA Study

Layers of Protection Analysis Methodology  LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) is a semi-quantitative method used…

December 1, 2024

Tips for Hazard Identification in Process Safety

Hazard identification is a foundational step in process safety, aiming to proactively recognize potential hazards…

November 8, 2024

Crude Oil Types and Properties

Synthetic Crude Oil

Synthetic crude oil, also known as Syncrude, is a type of crude oil that is…

April 12, 2023

Specifications of Russian Crude Oil URALS

URALS crude oil is a type of crude oil that is produced in Russia. It…

March 21, 2023 1 Comment

Refinery Processes

Metal Catalyzed Coking in Naphtha Reforming Units

Metal Catalyzed Coking  (MCC) or Metal Carburization is a process in which carbon present in…

April 5, 2024

Metal Poisoning of Naphtha Reforming Catalyst

Metals are permanent poisons for the naphtha reforming catalysts and irreversibly damage the catalyst. Most…

April 4, 2024

Hydro Processing

Slurry Phase Hydrocracking Process

A slurry phase reactor (SPR) is used in petroleum refineries for the hydroprocessing of feeds…

September 25, 2023

History of Hydroprocessing

Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking are among the oldest catalytic processes used in petroleum refining. They were…

September 23, 2023

Oil Refining General Topics

What is the Bathtub Curve ?

The bathtub curve is a concept used in reliability engineering to describe the failure rate…

September 22, 2024

What is SCADA and How Does it Work

SCADA stands for “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.” It is a type of industrial control…

May 7, 2023