Category: Hydroprocessing
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Control of Foaming in Amine Systems
Amine systems are used to remove CO2/H2S acid gases from process gas streams in the refinery, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. Foaming is defined as the dispersion of gas bubbles...
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Types of Alkanolamines for Acid Gas Treatment
Alkanolamines or amines are chemicals used for the removal of sour gases (H2S/CO2) from the industrial gas streams. Amines used are basic in nature and react with acid gases to...
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Hot Hydrogen Stripping Method for Hydroprocessing catalysts
Hot Hydrogen Stripping is the dry-out process of spent hydroprocessing catalysts at high temperatures with the help of hydrogen gas. The process is normally applied during turnaround for the replacement...
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Avoiding Polythionic Acid Attack in hydroprocessing Units
Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in hydroprocessing units of oil refineries because of their resistance to H2S+H2 attacks at high temperatures and pressures. However, during the shutdown period presence...
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Minimum Pressurization Temperature in Hydroprocessing Reactors
The Minimum Pressurization Temperature (MPT) or Minimum Safe Pressurization Temperature (MSPT) is the lowest temperature at which the hydroprocessing reactor can be pressurized again after a shutdown without the risk...
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Operation of Ebullated-bed Reactor for Residue hydrocracking
Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing....
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Formation of Nickel Carbonyl in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage....
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Avoiding Temperature Runaway in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Temperature excursion or temperature runaway is the abnormal process condition at which catalyst bed temperatures go high beyond the normal operating limit on account of uncontrolled hydrocracking reactions. During a...
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Emergency Depressuring System of Hydroprocessing Units
An emergency depressuring system (EDS) is the mechanism of quick dumping of high-pressure process fluids from a hydroprocessing reactor in case of emergency situations like fire, thermal excursions, or overpressure....
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Avoiding Deactivation of Hydrocracking Catalyst
Hydrocracking catalyst deactivation is the gradual loss of the catalyst’s activity while maintaining the same conversion severity. As the deactivation increases the catalyst temperature has to increase in order to...