Category: Hydroprocessing
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Operation of Ebullated-bed Reactor for Residue hydrocracking
Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing....
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Formation of Nickel Carbonyl in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage....
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Avoiding Temperature Runaway in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Temperature excursion or temperature runaway is the abnormal process condition at which catalyst bed temperatures go high beyond the normal operating limit on account of uncontrolled hydrocracking reactions. During a...
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Emergency Depressuring System of Hydroprocessing Units
An emergency depressuring system (EDS) is the mechanism of quick dumping of high-pressure process fluids from a hydroprocessing reactor in case of emergency situations like fire, thermal excursions, or overpressure....
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Avoiding Deactivation of Hydrocracking Catalyst
Hydrocracking catalyst deactivation is the gradual loss of the catalyst’s activity while maintaining the same conversion severity. As the deactivation increases the catalyst temperature has to increase in order to...
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Key Operating Variables of Hydrocracking Unit
Key Operating Parameters of Residue Hydrocracking Unit Understanding the key process variables is critical for the safe and efficient operation of the hydrocracking unit as the hydrocracking process is exothermic,...
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Hydrocracking Chemical Reactions Theory
Hydrocracking is a catalytic hydrogenation process in which high molecular weight feedstocks are converted and hydrogenated to lower molecular weight products. Cracking will break bonds, and the resulting unsaturated products...
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Hydrocracking Process in Oil Refinery
Catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen is known as hydrocracking. The hydrocracking process converts heavy, high boiling petroleum feedstock into lighter products (naphtha, kerosene, diesel, etc.)...
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Regeneration of Hydrotreating Catalysts
Regeneration is the process of restoring the activity of the catalyst by removing coke from its surface. It also involves the recovery of the physical properties of the catalyst. Regeneration...
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Hydrotreating Catalysts
The primary function of Hydrotreating catalysts is to remove sulfur, nitrogen and other contaminants from the refinery feedstocks. In addition, they improve product properties by adding hydrogen and in some...