Category: Hydroprocessing
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Hydrogen Purification Processes in Petroleum Refinery
Owing to the implementation of strong environmental regulations, utilization of heavy crudes and upgrading the bottom of the barrel, the requirement for hydrotreatment in petroleum refineries is increasing day by...
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Properties of Asphaltenes
Asphaltenes are a group of complex high molecular weight hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil. They are composed primarily of condensed aromatic rings and aliphatic chains and are considered...
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Types of Packings in Packed Distillation Column
A packed column is a type of distillation column that is filled with packing material. Packed columns are used for distillation, gas absorption, and liquid extraction. Packing in Packed columns...
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Hot Hydrogen Stripping Method for Hydroprocessing catalysts
Hot Hydrogen Stripping is the dry-out process of spent hydroprocessing catalysts at high temperatures with the help of hydrogen gas. The process is normally applied during turnaround for the replacement...
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Avoiding Polythionic Acid Attack in hydroprocessing Units
Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in hydroprocessing units of oil refineries because of their resistance to H2S+H2 attacks at high temperatures and pressures. However, during the shutdown period presence...
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Minimum Pressurization Temperature in Hydroprocessing Reactors
The Minimum Pressurization Temperature (MPT) or Minimum Safe Pressurization Temperature (MSPT) is the lowest temperature at which the hydroprocessing reactor can be pressurized again after a shutdown without the risk...
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Operation of Ebullated-bed Reactor for Residue hydrocracking
Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing....
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Formation of Nickel Carbonyl in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage....
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Avoiding Temperature Runaway in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Temperature excursion or temperature runaway is the abnormal process condition at which catalyst bed temperatures go high beyond the normal operating limit on account of uncontrolled hydrocracking reactions. During a...