Fires in the hydrocarbon industry can vary greatly in their causes, behaviours, and potential consequences. Understanding the different types of fires is crucial for effective fire prevention and control. From

An Independent Protection Layer (IPL) is a device, system, or action that is capable of preventing a scenario from proceeding to its undesired consequence independent of the initiating event or

What is the Spurious Trip? A spurious trip or safe failure would be a time when the process is in normal operation and the system acts as if there is

These are the abbreviations commonly used in Functional Safety and in IEC 61511 standard. Abbreviation & Full expression λ                  Failure rate, the

Functional Safety Glossary These are terms being used in Functional Safety and described in IEC 61511 standard. Architecture configuration Specific configuration of hardware and software components in a system. The

Functional safety engineering involves identifying specific hazardous failures which lead to serious consequences (e.g., death) and then establishing maximum tolerable frequency targets for each mode of failure. Equipment whose failure

What are the Leading Indicators? Leading indicators of process safety are proactive measures and metrics that organizations use to assess and improve their process safety performance before incidents occur. These

At about 1653 hours on Saturday, June 1, 1974, the Nypro (UK) site at Flixborough was severely damaged by a large scale explosion. In Flixborough disaster twenty-eight employees were killed