Health, Safety, and Environment

Safety Manual of SIS

Each item of hardware for use in the Safety Instrumented System (SIS) must have an…

March 16, 2025

Documenting SIL Assessment Study

Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessment is a crucial part of ensuring process safety in industrial…

March 14, 2025

Crude Oil Types and Properties

Synthetic Crude Oil

Synthetic crude oil, also known as Syncrude, is a type of crude oil that is…

April 12, 2023

Specifications of Russian Crude Oil URALS

URALS crude oil is a type of crude oil that is produced in Russia. It…

March 21, 2023 1 Comment

Refinery Processes

Fired Heater in Refinery: Design, Safety, and Optimization

A fired heater, or furnace, is a vital piece of equipment in oil refineries, used…

July 11, 2025

Hydrocracking Process

Catalytic cracking of heavy hydrocarbons in the presence of hydrogen is known as hydrocracking. The…

February 13, 2025

Hydro Processing

Developing F-N Curve Using LOPA

An F-N curve is a graphical representation that plots the cumulative frequency (F) versus the…

March 4, 2025

Slurry Phase Hydrocracking Process

A slurry phase reactor (SPR) is used in petroleum refineries for the hydroprocessing of feeds…

September 25, 2023

Oil Refining General Topics

Why Block and Bleed Valve Is Essential for Safety

Block and bleed valves are vital for ensuring safety and efficiency in process industries like…

July 14, 2025

Heat Tracing Systems in Process Industries Explained

In process industries such as oil and gas, chemical manufacturing, and petroleum refining, maintaining optimal…

July 13, 2025