General Topics

Types of Storage Tanks

A storage tank is a container for holding various liquids, chemicals, petroleum, petrochemical products and compressed gases. Storage tanks operate under no internal pressure, vacuum, or slight pressure. Storage tanks

Distillation and its Types

Distillation is the process of separating two or more components from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation or their relative volatility inside the distillation tower. Distillation may

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

OPEC the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a group of oil-exporting nations and a permanent intergovernmental organization that coordinates and unifies the petroleum policies of its Member Countries. OPEC

Nelson Complexity Index for Petroleum Refineries

The Nelson Complexity Index measures the secondary conversion capacity of a petroleum refinery by comparing it with the primary distillation capacity. The complexity index provides an easy metric for quantifying

Types and Configurations of Petroleum Oil Refineries

An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial plant that transforms crude oil into useful petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet

Reducing Steam Consumption in Process Industries

Operating and maintaining a reliable steam system is critical for chemical processing facilities and can have a significant impact on a plant’s budget. Key factors that affect the profit margins

Control of Foaming in Amine Systems

Amine systems are used to remove CO2/H2S acid gases from process gas streams in the refinery, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. Foaming is defined as the dispersion of gas bubbles

Types of Trays in Distillation Columns

Distillation is the most widely used separation process in oil refineries and chemical process industries. It is normally used to separate a mixture of materials to obtain one or more

Major Challenges to the Oil Refineries

Oil refineries are major contributors to a country’s economy. The worldwide petroleum refining industry currently faces high impact challenges due to uncertainties about the crude oil feedstock, characteristics of petroleum