An Independent Protection Layer (IPL) is a device, system, or action that is capable of preventing a scenario from proceeding to its undesired consequence independent of the initiating event or

In process safety, initiating events (IES) are the primary triggers that lead to hazardous scenarios. Identifying and categorizing these events is essential for risk assessment and mitigation. Understanding initiating events

Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is a widely used risk assessment method that helps industries evaluate and manage process safety risks. It offers a structured approach to assessing hazards and

Industry Failure Databases Challenges  Several industry failure databases compile failure records, estimate operational time, and calculate failure rates. This data is then published in books or stored in computer databases.

Instrumentation equipment can fail in various ways, commonly referred to as “failure modes.” For example, a two-wire pressure transmitter, designed to provide a 4–20 milliamp signal proportional to the pressure

Reliability is a crucial aspect of any system, especially in industries where operational efficiency and safety are critical. Whether it’s an aircraft in flight, an unmanned space mission, or industrial

BPCS vs SIS: Understanding the Key Differences When it comes to process control and safety in industrial environments, two critical systems come into play: the Basic Process Control System (BPCS)