Random Failures Random failures occur unpredictably and are typically attributed to the degradation of hardware components due to physical causes such as corrosion, thermal stress, or wear-out. These failures are

A failure occurs when a device at some level (a system, a unit, a module, or a component) fails to perform its intended function. Each safety instrumented function (SIF) in

A Safety Instrumented System (SIS) is a control system consisting of sensors, one or more controllers (often referred to as logic solvers), and final elements. The primary purpose of an

What is a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)? A Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) is a system designed to reduce risks associated with specific hazards by maintaining or restoring a safe process

Safety Integrity Level (SIL) is a quantitative target used to measure the level of performance required for a safety function to achieve tolerable risk for a process hazard. Defined in

Understanding Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) in Safety and Reliability Engineering Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD) is a critical metric in safety and reliability engineering. It quantifies the

Layers of Protection Analysis Methodology  LOPA (Layers of Protection Analysis) is a semi-quantitative method used to evaluate and analyze risk scenarios with significant consequences or the potential for major accidents.

Hazard identification is a foundational step in process safety, aiming to proactively recognize potential hazards that could lead to incidents. Here are some effective tips for thorough hazard identification: Techniques

Process Safety time is the minimum time the process takes to move from its condition when the initiating event occurs to its condition when it will cause consequence of concern