Petroleum Refinery Processes

Metal Catalyzed Coking  (MCC) or Metal Carburization is a process in which carbon present in the hydrocarbon feeds is absorbed into a hot metal surface at elevated temperatures and low

Metals are permanent poisons for the naphtha reforming catalysts and irreversibly damage the catalyst. Most metals poison the metal functions of the catalyst. Metals impact tends to progress sequentially through

The acidity of the naphtha reforming catalyst is controlled by the moisture in the feed and the chloride level on the catalyst. An increase in the feed moisture will strip

Sulfur is the most common impurity present in the feed of the naphtha reforming unit. The maximum allowable concentration is nearly 0.5 weight ppm expressed as S. Sulfur is poison

Nitrogen is a temporary acid function poison of naphtha reforming Platinum catalyst. Reformer feed nitrogen is normally controlled at 0.1~0.5 wppm and is less frequently present in the reforming feed.

Catalytic reforming catalysts are bifunctional, with the metal and acid sites assumed to be in some “balance” that enables total and effective utilization of the metal and acid sites. Metal-acid

The major process variables that affect the performance of the catalytic naphtha reforming or platforming unit are reactor pressure, reactor temperature, space velocity, hydrogen to hydrocarbon (H2/HC) molar ratio, feedstock

Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in petroleum refineries, and is in various refining processes to upgrade the petroleum products quality. Demand for hydrogen in petroleum refineries has