Hydroprocessing

Impacts of High Conversion and High Severity on Hydrocracking Unit

Conversion in Hydrocracking units means how many highly valuable lighter products are produced from the residue feeds. Conversion defines the performance and severity of the hydrocracking operation, which has an

Weighted Average Bed Temperature Meaning, Significance and Measurement

The weighted average bed temperature or WABT describes the representative temperature of a catalytic reactor which has increasing or decreasing temperature from top to bottom of the reactor. The term “weighted”

Hot Hydrogen Stripping Method for Hydroprocessing catalysts

Hot Hydrogen Stripping is the dry-out process of spent hydroprocessing catalysts at high temperatures with the help of hydrogen gas. The process is normally applied during turnaround for the replacement

Avoiding Polythionic Acid Attack in hydroprocessing Units

Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in hydroprocessing units of oil refineries because of their resistance to H2S+H2 attacks at high temperatures and pressures. However, during the shutdown period presence

Minimum Pressurization Temperature in Hydroprocessing Units

The Minimum Pressurization Temperature (MPT) or Minimum Safe Pressurization Temperature (MSPT) is the lowest temperature at which the hydroprocessing reactor can be pressurized again after a shutdown without the risk

Operation of Ebullated-bed Reactor for Residue hydrocracking

Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing.

Formation of Nickel Carbonyl in Hydroprocessing Reactors

Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage.

Avoiding Temperature Runaway in Hydroprocessing Reactors

Temperature excursion or temperature runaway is the abnormal process condition at which catalyst bed temperatures go high beyond the normal operating limit on account of uncontrolled hydrocracking reactions. During a

Emergency Depressurizing System of Hydroprocessing Units

An emergency depressuring system (EDS) is the mechanism of quick dumping of high-pressure process fluids from a hydroprocessing reactor in case of emergency situations like fire, thermal excursions, or overpressure.