The feed filtration system is applied in Hydroprocessing units to remove solid particles and contaminants from the feedstock before it enters the hydroprocessing reactors. It is important to remove particulates
Conversion in Hydrocracking units means how much highly valuable lighter products are produced from the residue feeds. Conversion defines the performance and severity of the hydrocracking operation, which has an
The weighted average bed temperature or WABT describes the representative temperature of a catalytic reactor which has increasing or decreasing temperature from top to bottom of the reactor. The term “weighted”
Hot Hydrogen Stripping is the dry-out process of spent hydroprocessing catalysts at high temperatures with the help of hydrogen gas. The process is normally applied during turnaround for the replacement
Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in hydroprocessing units of oil refineries because of their resistance to H2S+H2 attacks at high temperatures and pressures. However, during the shutdown period presence
The Minimum Pressurization Temperature (MPT) or Minimum Safe Pressurization Temperature (MSPT) is the lowest temperature at which the hydroprocessing reactor can be pressurized again after a shutdown without the risk
Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing.
Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage.
Temperature excursion or temperature runaway is the abnormal process condition at which catalyst bed temperatures go high beyond the normal operating limit on account of uncontrolled hydrocracking reactions. During a
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