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Control of Foaming in Amine Systems
Amine systems are used to remove CO2/H2S acid gases from process gas streams in the refinery, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. Foaming is defined as the dispersion of gas bubbles...
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Amine Gas Treating Process
Amine gas treating also known as Gas sweetening, Amine scrubbing, or acid gas cleaning is the process that removes H2S/CO2 and mercaptan compounds from the acid gas streams by absorption...
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Types of Alkanolamines for Acid Gas Treatment
Alkanolamines or amines are chemicals used for the removal of sour gases (H2S/CO2) from the industrial gas streams. Amines used are basic in nature and react with acid gases to...
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Hot Hydrogen Stripping Method for Hydroprocessing catalysts
Hot Hydrogen Stripping is the dry-out process of spent hydroprocessing catalysts at high temperatures with the help of hydrogen gas. The process is normally applied during turnaround for the replacement...
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Avoiding Polythionic Acid Attack in hydroprocessing Units
Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in hydrotreating units of oil refineries because of their resistance to H2S+H2 attacks at high temperatures and pressures. However, during the shutdown period presence...
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Minimum Pressurization Temperature in Hydroprocessing Reactors
The Minimum Pressurization Temperature (MPT) or Minimum Safe Pressurization Temperature (MSPT) is the lowest temperature at which the hydroprocessing reactor can be pressurized again after a shutdown without the risk...
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Thermal Cracking Process in Oil Refinery
Thermal cracking is the decomposition process of cheap heavy residues into lower molecule higher value products, under severe thermal conditions in the absence of the catalyst. It is a very...
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Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process in Oil Refinery
Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is the conversion process used in a petroleum oil refinery to convert the low-value heavier long-chain hydrocarbon refinery fractions such as heavy vacuum gas oils into...
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Operation of Ebullated-bed Reactor for Residue hydrocracking
Ebullated bed reactor (EBR) in oil refineries is a type of fluidized bed reactor that utilizes ebullition, or bubbling, to achieve appropriate mixing of reactants and catalysts for residue hydroprocessing....
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Formation of Nickel Carbonyl in Hydroprocessing Reactors
Nickel Carbonyl or Nickel Tetracarbonyl Ni(CO)4 is is a highly toxic, potentially fatal if inhaled, rapid skin absorption, highly flammable, and a known carcinogen. Primarily it can cause lung damage....